ADOBE FLASH

Adobe Flash (previously called Macromedia Flash) is a multimedia platform originally acquired by Macromedia and currently developed and distributed by Adobe Systems. Since its introduction in 1996, Flash has become a popular method for adding animation and interactivity to web pages. Flash is commonly used to create animation, advertisements, and various web page components, to integrate video into web pages, and more recently, to develop rich Internet applications.Flash animation software is often distributed in the .swf file format.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language much like HTML. It was designed to carry data, not to display data. It is classified as an extensible language because it allows its users to define their own elements. XML language has no predefined tags. Its primary purpose is to facilitate the sharing of structured data across different information systems, particularly via the Internet. In other words, we can say that XML is a software and hardware independent tool for carrying information.

Difference between XML and HTML

XML is not a replacement for HTML.XML and HTML were designed with different goals:

• XML was designed to transport and store data, with focus on what data is.HTML was designed to display data, with focus on how data looks.
• HTML is about displaying information, while XML is about carrying information.

WHAT IS DBMS?

DBMS stands for "Database Management System." In short, a DBMS is a database program. Technically speaking, it is a software system that uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on data. The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be modified or extracted by users or other programs.

Some DBMS examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBASE, Clipper, and FoxPro. Since there are so many database management systems available, it is important for there to be a way for them to communicate with each other. For this reason, most database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases

Click the link given below to see the types of DBMS and their characterstics:

http://www.freemindshare.com/map/bgiknyMQRV/

FREE MIND (FILE EXTENSIONS)

http://freemindshare.com/map/UWZphJ7tDS/

NETWORK

A computer network is an interconnection of a group of computers.
In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software
AREA NETWORK
Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically reach across a single home, whereas Wide Area Networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.
NETWORK DESIGNComputer networks also differ in their design. The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.

TOPOLOGY A topology is a description of any kind of locality in terms of its layout। In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines.

TYPES OF TOPOLOGIES

• Ring Network Topology : In the ring network topology, the workstations are connected in a closed loop configuration. Adjacent pairs of workstations are directly connected. Other pairs of workstations are indirectly connected, the data passing through one or more intermediate nodes.

• Bus Topology :In the bus network topology, every workstation is connected to a main cable called the bus .Therefore, in effect, each workstation is directly connected to every other workstation in the network।

Star Topology : In the star network topology, there is a central computer or server to which all the workstations are directly connected। Every workstation is indirectly connected to every other through the central computer. Hybrid Topology: It is a combination of two or more topologies. For example, a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network, but two star networks connected together exhibit hybrid network topologies.
Click the link given below to understand various topologies:
http://www.freemindshare.com/map/kYbqZImGrc/